Audio-visual system

ABSTRACT

An audio-visual system for presenting correlated audio and visual information comprising a thin audio-visual record medium and an audio-visual presentation apparatus. The audio-visual record medium comprises an audio record including in a predetermined sequence a plurality of sound tracks containing recorded audio information, with each sound track having a beginning at a given position near the periphery of the audio record and with the sound track beginnings distributed at predetermined intervals; and a visual record including a plurality of spaced visual display areas containing projectable visual information correlated with the information recorded in the sound tracks, which visual display areas are positioned in a predetermined sequence corresponding to the predetermined sequence of sound tracks. The visual display areas further include a given number of projectable predetermined response choices and a like number of projectable predetermined programs individually relating a predetermined response choice to the subsequent presentation of a correlated visual display area and sound track combination. The audio-visual presentation apparatus comprises means for receiving the audio-visual record medium, audio reproducing means, a viewing screen, projection means, and positioning means for relatively positioning the audio reproducing means and the audio record for enabling the audio reproducing means to engage the beginning of any of the sound tracks and for relatively positioning the projection means and the visual record for enabling projection onto the viewing screen of an image of visual information from any of the visual display areas. The positioning means are controlled by control means in accordance with a projectable predetermined program sensed in response to the operation of selection means to select one of the given number of response choices projected onto the viewing screen.

[. 5] March 13, 1973 1 AUDIO-VISUAL SYSTEM [75] Inventor: John L. Roche,St. Paul, Minn.

[73] Assigneet. Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul,Minn.

22 Filed: Feb.l2, 1971 21 Appl.No.: 114,834

[52] U.S. Cl. ..35/8 A, 35/9 A, 353/19, 274/1 A [51] Int. Cl. ..G09b3/06 [58] Field of Search....35/8 R, 8 A, 9 R, 9 A; 353/19, 353/120;274/1 A Primary Examiner-Wm. H. Grieb Att0rneyl(inney, Alexander, Sell,Steldt & Delahunt ABSTRACT An audio-visual system for presentingcorrelated audio and visual information comprising a thin audio-visualrecord medium and an audio-visual presentation apparatus. Theaudio-visual record medium comprises an audio record including in apredetermined sequence a plurality of soundtracks containing recordedaudio information, with each sound track having a beginning at a givenposition near the periphery of the audio record and with the sound trackbeginnings distributed at predetermined intervals; and a visual recordincluding a plurality of spaced visual display areas containingprojectable visual information correlated with the information recordedin the sound tracks, which visual display areas are positioned in apredetermined sequence corresponding to the predetermined sequence ofsound tracks. The visual display areas further include a given number ofprojectable predetermined response choices and a like number ofprojectable predetermined programs individually relating a predeterminedresponse choice to the subsequent presentation of a correlated visualdisplay area and sound track combination. The audio-visual presentationapparatus comprises means for receiving the audio-visual record medium,audio reproducing means, a viewing screen, projection means, andpositioning means for relatively positioning the audio reproducing meansand the audio record for enabling the audio reproducing means to engagethe beginning of any of the sound tracks and for relatively positioningthe projection means and the visual record for enabling projection ontothe viewing screen of an image of visual information from any of thevisual display areas. The positioning means are controlled by controlmeans in accordance with a projectable predetermined program sensed inresponse to the operation of selection means to select one of the givennumber of response choices projected onto the viewing screen.

26 Claims, 27 Drawing Figures PATENTEUMAR13I975 7 0,005

SHEET mar 10 INVENTOR.

JOHN L. ROCHE BY M 20 04M 1A I A -z 'v'oawzvs PATENTEUHAR 1 31975 SHEETEJEUF 10 IIIIII FIG. 1B

INVENTOR. JOHN L. ROCHE M /y e%/v ATTORNEYS PATENTEUHAR 1 31913 SHEETUBUF 10 cm H A 5? Mfg m 5 /7 W M F ZZM 3 m www fi TH/S /5 A RECTA NG EYOU? (HO/CE YOU/? (HO/CE 29 26 29F 6C 35 T Z5 29 FIG. 6E

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INVENTOR. JOHN L. ROCHE BY M%%ZM ATTORNEYS PATENTEUMARmm 3,7 ,005

SHEET on HF 10 INVENTOR.

JOHN L. ROCHE BY F IG. 7 v M @ZQQM ATTORNEYS PATENTEUHAR1 31913 SHEET 050F 10 INVEINTOR. z/ H/v L. ROCHE M wflflzow ATTORNEYS FIG. 16

PATENTEUHARHIQB 3 5 SHEET as HF 10 INVENTOR.

JOHN L. ROCHE FIG. 1 AT TORNEYS PATENTEUuAmms 5 SHEET U7BF 1O Z44 mo 225242 84 zaz 4 224 i INVENTOR.

JOHN L. ROCHE BY M a/z/w 7' ToRNEYs PATENTEDHARIBIQYS 7 ,005

SHEET 08 0F 10 INVENTOR. JOHN LRocHE BY 4 ,M M KJMM ATTORNEYSAUDIO-VISUAL SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field Of TheInvention The present invention pertains to an audio-visual system forpresenting correlated audio and visual information from a record mediumand is particularly directed to the type of audio-visual system which isuseful in an educational system for providing a plurality of correlatedaudio and visual presentations from a record medium, and which includesmeans for enabling an operator of the system to select from one of aplurality of predetermined response choices related to the presentedaudio and visual information.

2. Description Of The Prior Art The present invention is directed to animprovement in an audio-visual system for presenting correlated audioand visual information from a thin audio-visual record medium, such asis disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,504,455 to Goldmark et al. Certainfeatures of this invention are set forth in various other U. S. patents.The provision of the capability of reacting to operator response choicesto branch or alter the display of the correlated audio and visualinformation in accordance with a predetermined program is disclosed inU. S. Pat. No. 3,501,851 to Price et al. The placement ofa photographicslide containing visual information within an open center portion of athin audio record medium is disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 2,961,922 toSchwartz and in U. S. Pat. No. 3,270,614 to Paul]. The provision of aplurality of spiral sound track grooves on an audio record disk isdisclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,017,187 to Ryan. The provision ofpredetermined program indicia on a visual record is disclosed in U. 8.Pat. No. 3,471,942 to Weitzman. The provision of three sections in arecorded visual display area (1) for providing the visual displayinformation, (2) for providing a plurality of predetermined operatorresponse choices related to the visual display information, and (3) forproviding predetermined program indicia for controlling the operation ofthe audio-visual system in accordance with the particular operatorselected predetermined response choice to the present information, isdisclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 3,497,966 to Gaven. A device for positioninga rectangular film containing a plurality of visual display areasarranged in a spaced matrix containing m rows of n visual display areasin order to newly align a projection means with a visual display area inresponse to an operator selected response choice is described in U. S.Pat. No. 3,521,379 to Hannah. The Hannah device differs from the presentinvention in that according to Hannah the new alignment is in-accordancewith a projectable predetermined program on the film at the newlyaligned visual display area.

Each of these features contributes certain advantages in the versatilityand the capacity of an audiovisual system, these advantages beingdiscussed in the various patents cited. None of these patents, however,suggests a system combining all of these features nor do they suggesthow all of these features might be combined.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an audio-visualsystem for presenting correlated audio and visual information comprisinga thin audio-visual record medium and an audio-visual presentationapparatus.

The audio-visual record medium comprises an audio record including aplurality of sound tracks containing recorded information with eachsound track having a beginning at a given position near the periphery ofthe audio record. The sound track beginnings are placed in apredetermined sequence about the periphery of the audio record atpredetermined intervals. The audiovisual record medium also comprises avisual record including a plurality of spaced visual display areascontaining projectable visual information. Each of the visual displayareas contains information correlated with the information recorded in asound track. The visual display areas are positioned in a predeterminedsequence corresponding to the predetermined sequence of sound tracks.

The audio-visual presentation apparatus comprises receiving means forreceiving the thin audio-visual record medium; audio reproducing meanspositioned for engaging a sound track of the received audio record forreproducing and thereby presenting the audio information therefrom;projection means positioned for projecting and thereby presenting animage of visual information from the visual display area of the receivedvisual record onto a viewing screen; and positioning means forrelatively positioning the audio reproducing means and the audio recordfor enabling the audio reproducing means to engage the beginning of anyof the sound tracks distributed about the periphery of the receivedaudio record, and for relatively positioning the projection means andthe visual record for enabling projection onto the viewing screen of animage of visual information from any of the visual display areasthereof.

Various features of the present invention are next set forth in thissummary, with reference to certain preferred embodiments in which thesefeatures are incorporated.

Each of the visual display areas includes a discrete section containinga given number of projectable predetermined response choices related tothe visual information contained in the visual display area.Accordingly, the presentation apparatus further comprises a shuttersupported between the viewing screen and the projection means. Theshutter is positionable in either a blocking position for blocking theprojection of an image of the response choices onto the screen, or in anenabling position for enabling the projection of an image of theresponse choices onto the screen. The shutter is moved into the enablingposition upon completion of the reproduction of audio information from asound track by the audio reproducing means.

Each of the visual display areas includes a given number of projectablepredetermined programs, each program individually relating apredetermined response choice to a predetermined correlated visualdisplay area and sound track combination. Accordingly, the audio-visualpresentation apparatus further comprises selection means for enabling anoperator to select one of the given number of predetermined responsechoices; sensing means responsive-to the operation of the selectionmeans for sensing the one of the projectable predetermined programswhich is related to the selected response choice; and control meansresponsive to the operation of the selection means for controlling thepositioning means in accordance with the sensed predetermined program.

The audio record is ring-like and has a given inside diameter; and thevisual record is circular and has a diameter generally corresponding tothe given inside diameter of the audio record and is concentric with theaudio record. In this embodiment, the audio record is rotatable relativeto the visual record. Accordingly, the audio-visual presentationapparatus includes a rotatable turntable for receiving the audio record,which turntable has a central opening generally corresponding in size tothe size of the visual record. A platform for receiving the visualrecord is supported within the central opening of the turntable. Theaudio and visual records are co-registered on the turntable and platformfor simultaneously presenting information from correlated sound tracksand visual display areas.

The turntable is rotatably supported on a carriage, and the platform isfixedly supported on the carriage. The positioning means includesturntable stepping means supported by the carriage for rotating theturntable in incremental steps, which steps correspond to the intervalsbetween the beginnings of the sound tracks of the audio record, andcarriage (platform) stepping means supported by the presentationapparatus chassis for stepping the carriage (platform) in incrementalsteps, which steps correspond to the spacing of the visual display areasof the visual record.

The audio-visual presentation apparatus further comprises a turntabledrive means supported by the carriage for engaging the turntable forrotatably driving the turntable at a uniform rate to enable audioinformation to be reproduced from a received audio record when thelatter is engaged by the audio reproducing means which is also supportedby the carriage.

To readily facilitate the positioning of the turntable by the turntablestepping means, and to maintain co-registration between correlated soundtracks and visual display areas, it is preferable that upon thecompletion of the reproduction of audio information from a given soundtrack the turntable return to the position from which it started. Whilesuch return could be assured by providing a turntable drive means whichrotates the turntable some predetermined multiple of 360, such atechnique is not preferred since the duration of the audio informationin the sound tracks is different for different sound tracks, and it ispreferred to terminate the uniform turntable rotation as soon aspossible after the reproduction of the audio information is completed.Accordingly, the audio-visual presentation apparatus further comprises astarting position marker rotatably positioned on the turntable; adetecting means located on the carriage in a fixed home position inrelation to the audio reproducing means and enabled in response to thecompletion of the reproduction of audio information from a sound trackby the audio reproducing means for detecting when the starting positionmarker on the turntable is at the home posi tion; and a turntablebraking means supported by the carriage for engaging the turntable tothereby brake the turntable to a stop, which turntable braking meansengages the turntable to brake the turntable to a stop when thedetecting means detects that the starting position marker is at the homeposition.

When the turntable is stepped to a new starting position, the startingposition marker must be re-positioned on the turntable. Accordingly, astarting position marker holder is movably supported on the carriage formovement into position to holdvthe starting position marker at the homeposition while the turntable is being stepped by the turntable steppingmeans.

The turntable drive means is disengaged from the turntable when thedetecting means detects that the starting position marker is at the homeposition.

The starting position marker holder, the turntable braking means, andthe turntable stepping means are each supported on the carriage. Whenthe selection means is operated, the starting position marker holdermoves into position to hold the starting position marker at the homeposition, the turntable braking means is disengaged from the turntable,and the turntable stepping means moves into position to engage theturntable.

Each of the projectable predetermined programs of a given visual displayarea includes first indicia for indicating the number of sound tracksand visual display areas in their respective sequences that thepredetermined correlated sound track-visual display area combinationrelated to the predetermined response choice by said program is placedfrom the given visual display area and its correlated sound track.Accordingly, the control means comprises counting means for counting thenumber of steps stepped by the stepping means, and registering andgating means for registering a count in accordance with the firstindicia of the sensed predetermined program and for enabling thestepping means to repetitively incrementally step until the number ofsteps counted by the counting means equals the registered count.

The control means causes the audio reproducing means to repeat the audioinformation presented from the engaged sound track when the firstindicia indicate that the stepping means should step zero steps.

In order to allow greater flexibility in the placing of the audioandvisual information at given positions on the record medium, thepositioning means has the capability of effecting bidirectional steppingwithin the sequences of correlated sound tracks and visual displayareas. Therefore, each of the projectable predetermined programs of agiven visual display area further includes second indicia for indicatingthe direction in the sequences of sound tracks and visual display areasthat the predetermined correlated sound track-visual display areacombination related to the predetermined response choice by saidprogramis placed from the given visual display area and its correlated soundtrack. Accordingly, the control means further comprises a directionsetting switching means for setting the stepping means in accordancewith the second indicia of the sensed predetermined program to step theturntable and the carriage (platform) in either a forward or a reversedirection corresponding to forward and reverse directions in thesequence of sound tracks and visual display areas.

The plurality of visual display areas are arranged in a matrixcontaining m rows'of n visual display areas. Within the matrix, thesequence of visual. display areas correspond to the sequence of soundtracks in a manner wherein a first visual display area at one end of afirst row of the matrix correlates with a first sound track, and thesuccessive visual display areas following a path, beginning with thefirst visual display area and continuing in a first direction along thefirst row to the nth visual display area of the first row, thence to theadjacent visual display area in a predetermined adjacent row, whichadjacent visual display area is the first visual display area of thepredetermined adjacent row, thence in a second direction opposite to thefirst direction along the second row, respectively correlate withsuccessive sound tracks distributed about the periphery in apredetermined direction beginning with the first sound track.Accordingly, the carriage is supported by the chassis for bidirectionalmovements parallel to either of two predetermined perpendicular X and Yaxes corresponding to the matrix of the received visual record, with theX axis parallel to the m rows. The carriage (platform) stepping means iscapable of bidirectionally stepping the carriage. Also, the controlmeans further comprises X and Y axes drive means and first and secondswitching means.

The X axis drive means bidirectionally drives the carriage steppingmeans to step the carriage parallel to the X axis in a directiondependent upon the direction of current flow through the X axis drivemeans. The Y axis drive means bidirectionally drives the carriage Istepping means to step the carriage parallel to the Y axis in adirection dependent upon the direction of current flow through the Yaxis drive means.

The first switching means switches the direction of current flow throughthe X axis drive means to be in a first direction when the carriage isin a position for enabling projection from an odd row and switches thedirection of current flow through the X axis drive means to be in adirection opposite to the first direction when the carriage is in aposition for enabling projection from an even row. The second switchingmeans switches current flow through the X axis drive means when thecarriage is in a position for enabling projection from an nth positionin a row while the carriage stepping means is set by the directionsetting switching means for stepping the carriage in a reversedirection, or when the carriage is in a position for enabling projectionfrom a first position in a row while the carriage stepping means is setby the direction setting switching means for stepping the carriage in aforward direction. The second switching means alternatively switchescurrent flow through the Y axis drive means when the carriage is in aposition for enabling projection from an nth position in a row while thecarriage stepping means is set by the direction setting switching meansfor stepping the carriage in a forward direction, or when the carriageis in a position for enabling projection from a first position in a rowwhile the carriage stepping means is set by the direction settingswitching means for stepping the carriage in a reverse direction.

The control means further comprises a third switching means whichswitches current flow to the X and Y axes drive means through the secondswitching means when the carriage is in a position for enablingprojection from either end of a row, and switches current flowby-passing the second switching means and through the X axis drive meanswhen the carriage is not in a position for enabling projection fromeither end of 3 I'OW.

The control means still further comprises a fourth switching means tomomentarily enable current flow through the X and Y axes drive means anumber of times corresponding to the number of steps that the steppingmeans should step in accordance with the first indicia of the sensedpredetermined program.

Each of the X and Y axes drive means, when actuated, moves from a restposition and causes the carriage stepping means to step the carriage onestep during a cycle of operation which is completed upon the actuateddrive means returning to the rest position. Accordingly, the controlmeans additionally comprises fifth and sixth switching means. The fifthswitching means is actuated by the X axis drive means, when the X axisdrive means is not in the rest position, for switching current flowthrough the X axis drive means to maintain the cycle of operation of theX axis drive means until the completion of the cycle. Likewise, thesixth switching means is actuated by the Y axis drive means, when the Yaxis drive means is not in the rest position, for switching current flowthrough the Y axis drive means to maintain the cycle of operation of theY axis drive means until the completion of the cycle.

Each of a plurality of groups of adjacent sound tracks comprise soundtracks containing related information, with one sound track for eachgroup being the sequentially first sound track for that group (i.e., thefirst of the group to be presented). In one preferred embodiment, theaudio record contains notches about the periphery at positionscorresponding to the beginnings of the sequentially first sound tracks.Accordingly, the control means further comprises a notch detectorswitching means positioned for detecting notches in the periphery of thereceived audio record, and access switching means enabled by the notchdetector switching means for enabling an operator to effect relativemotion between the audio record and the audio reproducing means andbetween the visual record and the projection means until a notch isdetected, to thereby move the sequentially first sound track of theadjacent previously presented group and thecorrelated visual displayarea into position for enabling presentation of audio and visualinformation therefrom.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1A is a plan view of theaudio-visual record medium showing only a portion of the sound tracksthereof.

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the audio-visual record mediumtaken along line 18-13 of FIG. 1A with a portion omitted.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the audio-visual presentation apparatusshowing the exterior of the cabinet.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of an edge portion of theaudio-visual record medium of FIG. 1A showing the detail of the soundtrack beginnings.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the visual display area matrixshowing the predetermined sequence of visual display areas correspondingto a counterclockwise sequence of the sound tracks of the audiovisualrecord medium of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single visual display area of theaudio-visual record medium of FIG. 1A.

FIGS. 6A through 6E are illustrations of five different visual displayareas in the audio-visual record medium of FIG. 1A.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a branching sequence relating the fivevisual display areas shown in FIGS. 6A through 6E.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of an edge portion of analternative embodiment of the record medium of FIG. 1A showing thedetail of the sound track beginnings, notches in the audio recordperiphery, and switching means in cooperation with the notches.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the interior of the audiovisualpresentation apparatus taken along line 99 of FIG. 2, with certainportions broken away or omitted for purposes of clarity.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the interior of the audio-visualpresentation apparatus taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 2, with certainportions omitted for purposes of clarity.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the interior of the audio-visualpresentation apparatus taken along line 1 11 1 of FIG. 2, with certainportions omitted for purposes of clarity.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the interior of the audio-visualpresentation apparatus taken along line 1212 of FIG. 2, with certainportions broken away or omitted for purposes of clarity.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the turntable in cooperation with theturntable stepping means, with certain portionsbroken away for purposesof clarity.

FIG. 14 is a perspective exploded view of the audiovisual presentationapparatus, with certain portions broken away or omitted for purposes ofclarity.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the electrical circuit of theaudio-visual presentation apparatus.

FIG. 16 is a fragmentary elevational view of the starting positionmarker in cooperation with the grooved outside rim 'of the turntable,with certain portions broken away for purposes of clarity.

FIG. 17A is a perspective view of the step counter, with a portiondisplaced for purposes of clarity.

FIG. 17B is a sectional view of the step counter taken along line l7B17Bof FIG. 17A.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the X axis stepping means incooperation with pins attached to the carriage.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the platform positioning controlcircuit (included in FIG. 15) in a given condition of operation.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the platform positioning controlcircuit (included in FIG. 15) in a given condition of operation.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the platform positioning controlcircuit (included in FIG. 15) in a given condition of operation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Record Medium The audio-visualrecord medium 10 is generally diskshaped and includes an audio record 12and a visual record 14. The audio record 12 is ring-like and has a giveninside diameter of about 4 inches (100 cm) and an outside diameter ofabout l2 inches (300 cm). The visual record 14 is circular and has adiameter of 4 inches cm) which generally corresponds to the given insidediameter of the audio record 12. The audio and visual records 12, 14 areconcentric with and rotatable relative to one another.

The audio record 14 includes a collar 15 which protrudes over the insideedge of the audio record 12 for maintaining the visual record 14 withinthe center of the audio record 12.

Each side of the audio record 12 contains 50 sound tracks 16, each ofwhich is a phonographically recorded groove beginning at a givenposition near the periphery 18 of the audio record 12. Sound isreproduced from these sound tracks 16 by a typical phonographictechnique of rotating the audio'record 12 past a stylus contained in atypical phonographic tone arm.

Referring to FIG. 3, the 50 sound track grooves 16 are 50 individualinterleaving spiral grooves such as are described in the aforementionedU. S. Pat. No. 3,017,187, except that the audio record 12 is improvedthereover by further including additional lead-in grooves 19, 20 foreach sound track which guide the stylus into its proper track. Theselead-in grooves 19, 20 merge at inner ends into the sound tracks 16 toform a sound track beginning having two legs. The outer ends of thelead-in grooves 19, 20 run off the periphery 18 of the audio record 12.To assure entry into the proper sound track 16, a stylus then must onlybe set down in the region 21. The natural skating force of a styluswould cause it to move naturally toward the inside of the disk and intothe sound track 16.

The visual record 14 includes a plurality of spaced visual display areas22. These visual display areas 22 are contained in a single frame of 21% inch (6.2 cm) square diapositive transparency which is held betweentwo pieces of transparent material 23, which are inserted in and heldby, or molded integrally with, the collar 15 (FIG. lB). The transparencycontains 100 visual display areas 22. Referring to FIG. 4, 50 visualdisplay areas are arranged in five rows of 10 visual display areas 22and are positioned for projection of the information contained thereinin one direction. The visual display areas 22 are numbered in thesequence in which they would be presented in correlation with acounterclockwise progression in the sequence of sound track beginningsabout the audio record periphery 18. Adjacent to the first set of 50visual display areas 22 is a second set of visual display areas arrangedin five rows of 10 each for projection of the contained information whenthe flip side of the audio record 12 is used. Altogether, the visualdisplay areas 22 form a 10 by 10 matrix. One set of 50 visual displayareas is correlated with the sound tracks 16 on one side of the audiorecord 12 and the other set of 50 visual display areas is correlatedwith the sound tracks 16 on the flip side.

The sequence of the visual display areas 22 within the matrix is asfollows. On each side of the record 10, the sequence begins in the upperleft corner and proceeds along the top row to the right end thereof,thence to the second row and back along the second row to the left endthereof, thence to the third row and along the third row to the rightend thereof, thence to the fourth row and along the fourth row to theleft end thereof, and thence to the fifth row and along the fifth row tothe right end thereof. The visual display areas 22 are numberedaccordingly in FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 5, each of the visual display areas 22 contains asection 24 which includes visual information correlated to a given oneof the various sound tracks 16. Each of the visual display areas 22 alsoincludes a section 25 which includes up to three projectablepredetermined response choices. Each visual display area 22 furthercontains a section 26 which includes one or more predetermined programs27. Each program 27 includes first indicia 28 and second indicia 29which relate one of the response choices to the subsequent presentationof a correlated visual display area 22 and sound track 16 combination.The first and second indicia 28, 29 are shown schematically in FIG. andillustrated in FIG. 6A.

The first indicia 28 are either darkened or transparent to provide abinary number for indicating the number of the intervals in the sequenceof sound tracks 16 and spaces in the sequence of visual display areas 22that a predetermined sound track-visual display area combination isdisplaced from the given visual display area 22 and its correlated soundtrack 16. The value of each of the first indicia 28, when not darkened,is shown schematically in FIG. 5. The desired number of spaces isindicated by a sum of the values of the undarkened blocks 28.

The second indicia 29 provides an indication of the direction in thesequences of sound tracks 16 and visual display areas 22 that apredetermined sound trackvisual display area combination is displacedfrom the given visual display area 22 and its correlated sound track 16.In FIG. 5, the second indicia 29 are shown schematically by the blocks29, labeled RF. When this block 29 is darkened, a reverse direction inthe sequence is indicated. When block 29 is not darkened, a forwardsequence is indicated.

Referring to the three programs illustrated in FIG. 6A, the programrelated to response choice number 1 indicates a reversal of one space;the program related to response choice number 2' indicates forwardmovement of four spaces; and the program related to response choicenumber 3 indicates a reversal of two spaces.

Both the audio and visual records 12, 14 include as registration meanssets of holes 30, 31 which allow the audio and visual records 12, 14 tobe rotatably positioned in relation to each other on pins contained onan audio-visual presentation apparatus to thereby enable correlatedsound tracks 16 and visual display areas 22 to be co-registered forsimultaneous presentation. Note that the holes 31 are larger than theholes 30. The audio record 12 may thus be held in a fixed position on arotatable turntable, while the visual record 14 is thus held in a fixedposition on a non-rotatable platform. The manner of maintainingco-registration between the correlated sound tracks 16 and visualdisplay areas 22 will be discussed hereinafter in the description of thepresentation apparatus.

Referring to FIGS. 6A through 6E, there is shown a series of five visualdisplay areas 22 from a sample selfstudy course on geometry. This studycourse includes a branching sequence which is shown schematically inFIG. 7. Again referring to FIGS. 6A through 6E, the

audio contents of the sound tracks 16 which are correlated with theillustrated visual display areas 22 are as follows: FIG. 6A

Now you can identify a square. Let's meet the RECTANGLE. A rectangle,like the square is a four sided figure. He has two sides parallel toeach other and his adjacent sides are perpendicular. The rectangle,however, is different from the square because two adjacent sides are ofdifferent length.

Can you select the figure which matches the definition of our rectangle?FIG. 68

You picked this figure. He has opposite sides parallel all right but hesnot a rectangle. Remember our definition of a rectangle opposite sidesparallel adjacent sides perpendicular adjacent sides of different lengthNow can you pick out the rectangle? FIG. 6C

Your choice has two sides parallel all right but its not a rectangle.Remember our definition of a rectangle opposite sides parallel adjacentsides perpendicular adjacent sides of different length Now can you pickour rectangle out? FIG. 6D

Your choice has sides of different lengths all right in fact too many.none parallel none perpendicular. Remember our definition of arectangle opposite sides parallel adjacent sides perpendicular adjacentsides of different length Now lets try again which one is the rectangle?FIG. 6B

Very good you can now recognize and define a rectangle. Now lets look atanother four sided figure the parallelogram. It has opposite sidesparallel and opposite sides of equal length.

Can you select the parallelogram from among these choices? The positionsof these visual display areas and their correlated sound tracks in theforward sequence of thesameis:6D,6C,6B,6A,...,...,. ..,6E.

Referring to FIGS. 6A through 6E and 7, visual display area 6A and thecorrelated audio information are initially presented. Should the studentselect response choice number 1, visual display area 6B and thecorrelated audio information are next presented. Should he selectresponse choice number 2, visual display area 6E and the correlatedaudio information are next presented, and should he select responsechoice number 3, visual display area 6C and the correlated audioinformation are next presented.

When visual display area 6C and the correlated audio information arepresented and the student selects response choice number 1, then visualdisplay area 6D and the correlated audio information are next presented.The manner in which the subsequent presentation of the different visualdisplay areas 22 and their correlated sound tracks 16 is controlled inaccordance with the program indicia 28, 29 which are sensed inaccordance with the response choice 25 selected by the student will bediscussed hereinafter in connection with the description of the controlmeans of the presentation apparatus.

The sound tracks 16 correlated with visual display areas 6A through 6Dconstitute a group of sound tracks 16 containing related information.The sound track correlated with visual display varea 6A is sequentiallythe first sound track for this group.

In one preferred embodiment of the audio record (FIG. 8), the periphery18 contains notches 32a, 32b, 32c at positions corresponding to thebeginnings of sequentially first sound tracks, such as the sound trackcorrelated with the visual display area of FIG. 6A. The notches are .notnecessarily, however, correlated with the sound track beginning whereatthey are positioned, inasmuch as the stylus for engaging the soundtracks may preferably be positioned around the periphery of the recordremotely from a device for engaging the notches. In the illustratedembodiment, the notches are located in the vicinity of lead-in grooves19, 20 so as to be less likely to interfere with a stylus being set intore gion 21.

Presentation Apparatus The audio-visual presentation apparatus iscontained in a cabinet 33. The cabinet 33 contains a viewing screen 34onto which an image is projected from inside the cabinet 33. The cabinet33 also contains an on/off and volume control knob 35, a focus controlknob 36, a start/repeat switch lever 38, an access switch button 39, aspeaker 40, and a response lever 42. The cabinet 33 may be opened forplacement ofa record therein by turning latch knob 44 and lifting thetop 46 of the cabinet 33.

On the inside of the cabinet 33 (FIGS. 9 through 14), a record 10 may bereceived on a turntable 48 and a platform 50. The turntable 48 containspins 52, 53 for registration with the holes 30, 31 in the audio recordportion 12. The platform 50 contains pins 54, 55 for registration withthe holes 30, 31 in the visual record 14. The relative positions andsizes of the pins 52, 53, 54, 55 and holes 30, 31 assure that the visualdisplay areas 22 are in a position for upright projection,notwithstanding which side of the record 10 is up and that thecorrelated sound tracks 16 and visual display areas 22 are initiallypositioned for simultaneous presentation.

The turntable 48 is positioned for rotation on bearing 56. The turntable48 is rotated at a uniform rate by a turntable drive wheel 58 whichturns in contact with the inside rim 59 of the turntable 48. The drivewheel 58 is in turn rotated by a turntable drive capstan 60. Theturntable drive capstan 60 is rotated continuously by turntable drivemotor 61 which is actuated when the presentation apparatus is turned onby turning the on/off and volume control knob 35 to an on" position. Theturntable drive wheel 58 is moved into contact with both the capstan 60and the turntable rim 59 when a drive solenoid 62 is energized. When thedrive solenoid 62 is deenergized, the force of a spring 63 moves theturntable drive wheel 58 out of contact with both the turntable rim 59and the turntable drive capstan 60, and also moves a turntable brakingmeans comprising a brake pad 64 into contact with the inside rim 59causing the turntable 48 to cease rotating.

An audio message is reproduced by typical phonographic techniques from asound track 16 of an audio record 12 on a rotating turntable 48 by meansof an audio reproducing means comprising a tone arm 65 with a stylus 66(FIG. 10) mounted at the end thereof for riding in the sound track 16,and an audio amplifier 68 which couples the tone arm 65 to the speaker40. The tone arm 65 may be freely pivoted about a stationary mount 69.

The tone arm 65 is lifted from contact with the sound track 16 and therotating turntable 48 is brought to a halt in accordance with thefollowing. A sub-audible tone is recorded following the audioinformation on each sound track 16. This sub-audible tone is detected bya tone discriminating circuit 70 (FIG. 15) in the audio amplifier 68whenever the stylus 66 reaches the end of the audio information on thesound track 16. When this sub-audible tone is so detected, power whichis normally provided through the audio amplifier 68 on a line 71 toatone arm solenoid 72 is temporarily interrupted, thereby causing thesolenoid 72 to be deenergized, thereby raising the tone arm liftmechanism 74 to which the solenoid 72 is mechanically coupled. Whenraised, the tone arm lift mechanism 74 contacts the lower side of thetone arm 65 to lift the tone arm 65 from the sound track 16 and to thenslide the tone arm 65 on the lift mechanism 74 to return the tone arm 65to a starting position, with the stylus 66 above and near the periphery18 of the record 10. When power to the tone arm solenoid 72 isinterrupted, an SCR 77, which is connected in series with the tone armsolenoid 72, becomes non-conductive. Thus, the tone arm solenoid 72 isnot reenergized upon the mere restoration of power on line 71 followingthe end of the detected subaudible tone. The tone arm solenoid 72 isinitially energized by depressing the start/repeat switch lever 38 (FIG.2) to close the switch 380 (FIG. 15) to deliver a gating pulse to theSCR 77.

The arm lift mechanism 74 is mechanically coupled to a detecting means82 by linking arm 84 (FIGS. 9 and 14). The detecting means 82 is locatedat a so-called home position," having a fixed relationship to the audioreproducing means, for detecting when the rotating turntable 48 is atthe position from which it started rotating. The detecting means 82comprises a snap action switch 86 having an actuator arm 86a and amovable contact 86b (FIG. 15). When the arm lift mechanism 74 is raised,the motion of the linking arm 84 causes the detecting means 82 to bemoved closer to the turntable 48 such that the actuator arm 86a is movedinto the sweep region of a starting position marker 88 which ridesseated in grooves of the fluted outside rim 90 of the turntable 48.Detail of the starting position marker 88 is shown in FIG. 16. When thestarting position marker 88 contacts the actuator arm 86:: of the switch86, movable contact 86b is moved into position 860. When the movablecontact 86b is moved into position 860, power is removed from theturntable drive solenoid 62, thereby removing rotational driving forcefrom the turntable 48 and applying braking force adequate to accuratelystop the turntable 48 at a definite location relative to the homeposition of the detecting means 82.

To assure that the switch actuator arm 86a maintains movable switchcontact 86b in position 860, a piece of permanent magnet material 91 onthe linking arm 84 holds the actuator arm 86a in the position which itassumes upon being contacted by the starting position marker 88. Themagnetic bond between the actuator arm 86a and the permanent magnetmaterial 91 is broken only when the linking arm 84 moves the detectingmeans 82 away from the starting position marker 88 upon the tone arm 65again being lowered. When the linking arm 84 is so moved, the actuatorarm 86a pushes against a bump 92 on the turntable drive means and themagnetic bond is physically broken.

When the magnetic bond is thus broken, movable switch contact 86breturns to position 86d and the turntable drive solenoid is energized,thereby moving the turntable drive wheel 58 into contact with thecapstan 60 and the turntable rim 59 to thereby uniformly rotate theturntable 48.

The visual information is reproduced onto the viewing screen 34 bytypical projection techniques from the visual display areas 22 of thevisual record 14 by means of a projection means comprising a lamp 93, afocusing lens assembly 94 and a reflecting mirror 96. The projectionlamp 93 is attached to the cabinet top 46 and is thus moved out of theway for placing an audio-visual record on the turntable 48 and platform50 whenever the cabinet 33 is opened. The focusing lens assembly 94 maybe raised or lowered by turning the focus control knob 36 which isconnected to a gear 98. The gear 98 cooperates with a rack 99 on a shaft100 which is connected to the focusing lens assembly 94. Light from theprojection lamp 93 is focused through a single visual display area 22 ofa received visual record 14, through the focusing lens assembly 94, andreflected from the mirror 96 onto the viewing screen 34.

Not all of the images contained in a visual display area 22 areprojected onto the viewing screen 34. The image of section 25 whichincludes the operator response choices is projected onto a shutter 106which is positioned between the reflecting mirror 96 and the lowerportion of the viewing screen 34. The shutter 106 is moved out of theblocking position when a shutter solenoid 108 is energized, therebyenabling the image of section 25 to be projected onto the viewing screen34. Power to the shutter solenoid 108 is furnished through an SCR 1 10which is normally not conducting. However, when movable switch contact86b is moved to position 86c upon the actuator arm 86a being contactedby the starting position marker 88, a pulse is delivered on line 111 tothe gate of SCR 110 to render SCR 110 conductive, and to therebyenergize the shutter solenoid 108. Thus, the shutter 106 is removed fromthe projection path and the image of section 25 including the operatorresponse choices is then projected onto the lower portion of viewingscreen 34.

If it is desired to have the audio information repeated before aresponse choice selection is made, one need only depress thestart/repeat switch lever 38 to gate the SCR 77 and thereby reenergizethe tone arm solenoid 72.

The selection means 112 includes a response lever 42, a photocell bank113, a rack 114, a photocell shutter 115, slots 116, 117, 118 in thecabinet 33, and a momentary contact switch 119. When the response thephotocell shutter which is mounted on the response lever 42 is movedfrom its stationary position wherein it blocks projection of light ontothe photocell bank 113,.and the image of section 26 which includes thepredetermined programs 27 is then projected into the region of photocellbank 113. The response lever 42 passes through a slot in the photocellbank 113. The photocell bank 113 supports a sensing means comprisingphotocells 122, 124, 126, 128. As the response lever 42 is movedlaterally to be in alignment with one of the slots 116, 117, 118corresponding to a selected response choice, the photocell bank 113 isshifted within the rack 114 to be in alignment with the image of thepredetermined program 27 corresponding to the selected response choice.When the response lever 42 is in the left position in alignment with theslot 116, the image of the program related to response choice number 1(FIG. 6A) is projected onto the photocells 122, 124, 126, 128. When theresponse lever 42 is in the center position in alignment with the slot117, the image of the program related to response choice number 2 isprojected onto the photocell bank 1 13.

The lateral positioning of the response lever 42 is merely the firststep in making the response choice selection. This selection does notbecome irrevocable until the response lever 42 is depressed into theslot 116, 117, 118 with which it 42 is aligned. It is only when theresponse lever 42 is so depressed to thereby move switch contact 119a toposition 11% that a control means (FIG. 15) is programmed in accordancewith the particular programming indicia 28, 29 of the program 27, theimage of which is then being projected upon the photocells 122, 124,126, 128.

The control means includes registering and gating means comprising SCRs130, 132, 134, 136. The control means is programmed as follows. At theinstant when the movable switch contact 119a is moved to position 11%,movable switch contact 138 is in position 1380 so that power is suppliedto each of the photocells 122, 124, 126, 128. Upon the switch contact119a assuming position 119b, power is delivered through the coil of acontrol means solenoid 140 to the anodes of SCRs 132, 134, 136. Theanode of the SCR is connected to a source of 24-volt D.C. electricalpower on line 141 when the movable switch contact 86b is in position860. The gates of SCRs 130, 132, 134, 136 are connected to thephotocells 122, 124, 126, 128 respectively. When light is projected on aphotocell 122, 124, 126, 128, the SCR 130, 132, 134, 136 connectedthereto is then rendered conductive. SCR 130 controls the flow ofcurrent through, and therefore the state of, a direction settingswitching means comprising a relay 142. The state of relay 142determines the direction of movement of the turntable stepping means 144and the platform stepping means 146 as they reposition the turntable 48and the platform 50 for the next audio-visual presentation.

The states of the SCRs 132, 134, 136 determine the number of stepsthrough which the turntable stepping means 144 and the platform steppingmeans 146 step during such repositioning. When the control means isprogrammed, the SCRs 132, 134, 136 register a count in accordance withthe sensed first indicia 28.

Shortly after the control means is programmed by the gating of certainof the SCRs 130, 132, 134, 136 in accordance with the program imageprojected onto photocells 122, 124, 126, 128, the current flow throughthe control means solenoid 140 energizes this same solenoid 140 to movemovable switch contact 138 to position 138a and to close switch 150.When movable switch contact 138 is moved to position 138a, power to thephotocells 122, 124, 126, 128 is interrupted; and thus the SCRs 130,132, 134, 136 cannot be further gated to thereby disturb theirprogrammed condition.

The movement of movable switch contact 138 to position 138a also enablespower to be maintained to the control means solenoid 140 and to theanodes of the SCRs 132, 134, 136 after the movable switch contact 1190is allowed to return to position 1l9c upon the release of the responselever 42. When the movable switch contact 119a is moved to position119b, current flow through SCR 110 is interrupted. As a result, shuttersolenoid 108 is deenergized, thereby allowing the shutter 106 to returnto a light blocking position. The return of movable switch contact 119ato position 1190 upon the release of the response lever 42 does not thenreenergize the shutter solenoid 108 because the SCR 110 remainsnon-conducting until another gating pulse is received.

Upon the control means being programmed, the turntable stepping means144 and the platform stepping means 146 are set into motion tore-position both the turntable 48 and the platform 50 for the nextaudio-visual presentation, which next presentation is, of course, inaccordance with the response choice selected upon the lateralpositioning of the response lever 42.

As noted above, switch 150 is closed in response to the energization ofthe control means solenoid 140 following the momentary movement ofmovable switch contact 119a to position 11%. Upon the switch 150 beingclosed, a turntable stepping means solenoid 152 is energized. Solenoid152 is fixedly mounted relative to the turntable bearing 56. Whenenergized, solenoid 152 causes the turntable stepping means 144 to moveinto a position wherein a turntable stepping tire 154 passes through anopening 156 in the starting position marker 88 to engage the outside ofthe fluted outside rim 90; and the starting position marker holder 158moves into engagement with the yoke 160 in the starting position marker88. When the turntable stepping means 144 moves into contact with theturntable 48, a protrusion 162 thereon moves the turntable brake pad 64away from the inside rim 59 of turntable 48, thereby allowing the drivetire 154 to drive the turntable 48 in either direction.

In response to the turntable stepping means solenoid 152 beingenergized, a switch 164 mechanically coupled thereto is closed. Theswitch 164 is in series with a power terminal of a turntable steppingmotor 166. The closure of the switch 164 causes power to be furnished tothe turntable stepping motor 166; which motor 166 drives the turntablestepping tire 154 and thereby causes the turntable 48 to rotate.

The direction in which the turntable 48 is stepped is determined by thedirection in which the turntable stepping motor 166 rotates, which isdetermined by the state of the relay 142. The relay 142 is illustrated(FIG.

15) in a state whereby the turntable 48 will be stepped in acounterclockwise direction. This corresponds to a rearward direction inthe sequence of sound tracks 16 on the audio record 12.

The number of steps in which the turntable 48 is stepped is determinedby the states of the control means register SCRs 132, 134, 136 A step isthe rotational distance between the grooves 170 in the fluted outsiderim of the turntable 48. This rotational distance corresponds to therotational distance between the sound track beginnings such as thelead-in grooves 20 at the periphery 18 of the audio record 12. Thus, tocorrespond to the audio record 12 which has fifty evenly spaced soundtrack beginnings, the fluted outside rim 90 has fifty evenly spacedgrooves 170.

The starting position marker 88 rests in two grooves of the flutedoutside rim 90 when the turntable 48 is at rest. When the turntable 48is stepped by the motor 166, the starting position marker 88 is held bythe holder 158 in a stationary position relative to both the homeposition" of the detecting means 82 and the tone arm 65. As theturntable 48 moves, however, the starting position marker 88 is elevatedas it passes from one groove 170 to the next. Upon the elevation of thestarting position marker 88, the holder 158 is pivoted about pivot 172and the opposite end 174 thereof bears against actuators in momentarycontact switches 176, 178 to operate both switches. The switch 178 isclosed only when the holder 158 is raised to its highest elevation whilethe starting position marker 88 is midway between grooves 170. Switch176, on the other hand, is open only while the starting position marker88 is resting in the grooves 170. Switch 176, when closed, provides anadditional current path from the 24-volt DC. power line 141 to theturntable stepping means solenoid 152. The significance of this switch176 will be discussed hereinafter.

Each momentary closing of the switch 178 causes a pulse to be deliveredto a counter solenoid 180 which when energized rotates a step counter182 one step. The step counter 182,'illustrated in FIGS. 17A and 17B,constitutes the counting means.

The step counter 182 includes a disk-shaped counter cam 184 which isfreely rotatable about a pin 186 and also slidable upon the pin 186. Thepin 186 is firmly set in the frame 188 of the counter. An anti-back-uppawl 190 is mounted to the frame 188 and engages ratchet teeth 191 inthe lower side of the cam 184. A ratchet pawl 192 is mounted to aratchet collar 194 and also engages the ratchet teeth 191. The ratchetcollar 194 is rotated about the pin 186 in response to each pulsereceived by the counter solenoid 180 upon each closing of the switch178.

The counter cam 184 contacts the actuator arms 196, 198, 200 of threeswitches 196a, 198a, 2000, each of which is connected in series with oneof the SCRs 136, 134, 132, respectively. These switches 196a, 198a, 200aare opened when their respective actuator arms 196, 198, 200 aredeflected by the detents of the cam 184. The counter cam 184 is shapedto open the switch 196a during alternate rotational steps (beginningwith the first step) of the cam 184; to open the switch 1980 during onlythe durations including the second through third steps and the sixththrough seventh steps of the cam 184; and to open the switch 200a duringonly the durations including the fourth through seventh steps of the cam184. Therefore, the stepping of the step counter cam 184 produces acount as follows: The first step opens the switch 196a which openingrepresents a single binary count. The second step closes the switch 196aand opens the switch 198a which opening represents two binary counts.The third step leaves the switch 198a open and also opens the switch196a again, which combination of open switches 196a, 198a representsthree binary counts. The fourth step closes the switches 196a and 198aagain and opens the switch 200a, which opening represents four binarycounts, etc. through the seventh count.

Each of the switches 196a, 198a, 2000 has a small bleed resistor 202,204, 206 of about 680 ohms, across its terminal. This resistance issufficient to maintain register SCRs 132, 134, 136 in a conducting statethrough their minimum holding current of about milliamps, even whentheir respective switches 200a, 198a, 196a are opened. 2 k ohm, 5-wattseries resistors 207 are connected in series with the anode of eachcontrol device SCR 132, 134, 136, the switches 200a, 198a, 196a and thesolenoid coil 140. The solenoid coil 140 is approximately 25 ohms. Thiscombination assures that as long as at least one switch 200a, 198a,

196a in series with a conducting SCR 132, 134, 136 is closed, theholding current through the conducting SCRs 132, 134, 136 is the minimumnecessary to hold SCRs 132, 134, 136 in a conducting state.

When the step counter 182 has stepped to a point where the stepped countequals the registered count, all of the switches 196a, 198a, 200a whichare in series with a then conducting SCR are open simultaneously, andthe only current path through the control means solenoid 140 would bethrough one or more of the 680 ohm resistors 202, 204, 206. The currentwhich would flow through this path, however, would be inadequate to holdthe control means solenoid 140 in its energized state. Therefore, thecontrol means solenoid 140 is deenergized, thereby opening the circuitsto the SCR anodes. This terminates conduction through the SCRs 132, 134,136 and thereby resets the register.

The control means solenoid 140 is included in the assembly of the stepcounter 182 (FIGS. 17A and 178). When the control means solenoid 140 isdeenergized, an arm 208 is raised, thereby allowing the counter cam 184to be raised by the force of a compression spring 210 to the point wherethe anti-back-up pawl 190 becomes disengaged from the ratchet teeth 191.Upon such disengagement, the cam 184 is returned by the force of ahelical torsion spring 214 to its starting position.

When the arm 208 is raised, it contacts the actuator arms for switches138 and 150 and thereby returns movable switch contact 138 to positionl38b and opens the switch 150. When switch 150 is opened, current isnevertheless provided through switch 176 to the turntable stepping meanssolenoid 152 to maintain the operation of the turntable stepping motor166 until the last step is completed. Upon the completion of the laststep, the starting position marker 88 settles in the groove 170 and theswitch 176 is opened to terminate the operation of the turntablestepping motor 166.

To return in the sequence of operation to the period while the turntable48 is being re-positioned in accordance with the programmed states ofthe SCRs 132, 134, 136, repositioning of the platform 50 is then alsotaking place.

Referring to FIGS. 10, 11 and 14, the platform 50 and the turntable 48are both mounted on a carriage 220. The carriage 220 is movablysupported for bidirectional movement on a carriage plate 222, which inturn is supported for bidirectional movement on a base plate 224. Thebase plate 224 is fixedly mounted to the cabinet chassis 226.

The bidirectional movements are parallel to the two perpendicular pathscorresponding to the X-Y matrix of fifty visual display areas 22 so thatthe carriage 220 may be positioned to place any of the visual displayareas 22 of a visual record 14 received by the platform 50 in the lightpath from the projection lamp 93. These movements are in five rowshaving ten spaces each.

The carriage 220 contains rails 228 which slide on rollers 230 mountedon the carriage plate 222 in order to enable movement in an X direction.The carriage plate 222 contains rails 232 which slide on rollers 234mounted on the base plate 224 in order to enable movement in a Ydirection.

Movement of the carriage 220 along the paths defined by the rails 228,232 and rollers 230, 234 is accomplished by operation of the platform(or carriage) stepping means 146 which comprises X axis stepping means236 and Y axis stepping means 238. Both the X and Y axes stepping means236, 238 (FIG. 18) contain a pair of serrated arms 240, 242, whichserrated arms cooperate with pins 244, 246 fixedly mounted to theunderside of the carriage 220 (or the carriage plate 222).

When a drive means comprising a motor 248 operates in one direction inresponse to current flow therethrough in a first direction, a gear wheel250 rotates in a clockwise direction and the serrated arm 240, which iseccentrically mounted on the gear wheel 2S0, swings into position togrip the pin 244 and to thereby pull the pin 244 and the carriage 220(or carriage plate 222) in a direction toward the motor 248. When themotor 248 operates in the opposite direction in response to current flowtherethrough in a second direction, the gear wheel 250 rotates in acounterclockwise direction and the other serrated arm 242, which is alsoeccentrically mounted on the gear wheel 250, swings into position togrip the pin 246 and to thereby push the pin 246 and the carriage 220(or car: riage plate 222) in a direction away from the motor 248. Thespacing of the teeth on the serrated arms 240, 242 is such that for eachrotation of the motor 248 the carriage 220 (or carriage plate 222) ismoved a distance equal to the distance between the visual display areas22. The serrated arms 240, 242 are kept within the region of the pin 244by the stops 252 mounted on the carriage 220 (or carriage plate 222).

The operation of the X and Y axes stepping means 236, 238 issynchronized with the operation of the turntable stepping motor 166. Asthe turntable 48 is stepped by the turntable stepping motor 166, movablemomentary contact switch 178 is momentarily closed during each step anda starting pulse is delivered to either the X axis motor 248a or the Yaxis motor 248b in the platform positioning circuit 254. The particularone of the two motors 2481:, 248b which rotates and the

1. An audio-visual system for presenting correlated audio and visualinformation, comprising a thin audio-visual record medium comprising anaudio record including in a predetermined sequence a plurality of soundtracks containing recorded audio information, each sound track having abeginning at a given position near the periphery of the audio record,which sound track beginnings are placed about the periphery of the audiorecord at predetermined intervals, and a visual record including aplurality of spaced visual display areas containing projectable visualinformation, each of which visual display areas contains informationcorrelated with a said sound track, and which visual display areas arepositioned in a predetermined sequence corresponding to thepredetermined sequence of sound tracks; and an audio-visual presentationapparatus comprising a chassis; receiving means supported by the chassisfor receiving the audio-visual record medium, audio reproducing meanssupported by the chassis and positioned for engaging a said sound trackof said received audio record for reproducing and thereby presenting theaudio information therefrom; projection means supported by the chassisand positioned for projecting and thereby presenting an image of visualinformation from a said visual display area of said received visualrecord onto a viewing screen; and positioning means supported by thechassis for relatively positioning the audio reproducing means and theaudio record for enabling the audio reproducing means to engage thebeginning of any of said sound tracks distributed about the periphery ofsaid received audio record, and for relatively positioning theprojection means and the visual record for enabling projection onto saidviewing screen of an image of visual information from any of said visualdisplay areas of said received visual record; wherein each of aplurality of said correlated visual display area and sound trackcombinations includes a given number of predetermined response choicesrelated to said correlated audio and visual information; wherein each ofsaid plurality of visual display areas includes a given number ofprojectable predetermined programs, each program individually relating asaid predetermined response choice to a predetermined correlated visualdisplay area and sound track combination; wherein the projection meansis capable of projecting said one or more predetermined programs fromsaid received visual record; and wherein the audio-visual presentationapparatus further comprises selection means for enabling an operator toselect one of said given number of predetermined response choices,sensing means responsive to the operation of the selection means forsensing the one of said projectable predetermined programs which isrelated to said selected response choice, and control means responsiveto the operation of the selection means for controlling the positioningmeans in accordance with said sensed predetermined program to presentsaid predetermined correlated visual display area and sound trackcombination related to said selected predetermined response choice. 1.An audio-visual system for presenting correlated audio and visualinformation, comprising a thin audio-visual record medium comprising anaudio record including in a predetermined sequence a plurality of soundtracks containing recorded audio information, each sound track having abeginning at a given position near the periphery of the audio record,which sound track beginnings are placed about the periphery of the audiorecord at predetermined intervals, and a visual record including aplurality of spaced visual display areas containing projectable visualinformation, each of which visual display areas contains informationcorrelated with a said sound track, and which visual display areas arepositioned in a predetermined sequence corresponding to thepredetermined sequence of sound tracks; and an audio-visual presentationapparatus comprising a chassis; receiving means supported by the chassisfor receiving the audio-visual record medium, audio reproducing meanssupported by the chassis and positioned for engaging a said sound trackof said received audio record for reproducing and thereby presenting theaudio information therefrom; projection means supported by the chassisand positioned for projecting and thereby presenting an image of visualinformation from a said visual display area of said received visualrecord onto a viewing screen; and positioning means supported by thechassis for relatively positioning the audio reproducing means and theaudio record for enabling the audio reproducing means to engage thebeginning of any of said sound tracks distributed about the periphery ofsaid received audio record, and for relatively positioning theprojection means and the visual record for enabling projection onto saidviewing screen of an image of visual information from any of said visualdisplay areas of said received visual record; wherein each of aplurality of said correlated visual display area and sound trackcombinations includes a given number of predetermined response choicesrelated to said correlated audio and visual information; wherein each ofsaid plurality of visual display areas includes a given number ofprojectable predetermined programs, each program individually relating asaid predetermined response choice to a predetermined correlated visualdisplay area and sound track combination; wherein the projection meansis capable of projecting said one or more predetermined programs fromsaid received visual record; and wherein the audio-visual presentationapparatus further comprises selection means for enabling an operator toselect one of said given number of predetermined response choices,sensing means responsive to the operation of the selection means forsensing the one of said projectable predetermined programs which isrelated to said selected response choice, and control means responsiveto the operation of the selection means for controlling the positioningmeans in accordance with said sensed predetermined program to presentsaid predetermined correlated visual display area and sound trackcombination related to said selected predetermined response choice. 2.An audio-visual system according to claim 1, wherein a given visualdisplay area includes a given projectable predetermined program relatinga given predetermined response choice to said given visual display areaand its correlated sound track; and wherein the control means causes theaudio reproducing means to repeat the audio information presented fromsaid engaged sound track when said given program is sensed by thesensing means.
 3. An audio-visual system for presenting correlated audioand visual information, comprising a thin audio-visual record mediumcomprising an audio record including in a predetermined sequence aplurality of sound tracks containing recorded audio information, eachsound track having a beginning at a given position near the periphery ofthe audio record, which sound track beginnings are placed about theperiphery of the audio record at predetermineD intervals, and a visualrecord including a plurality of spaced visual display areas containingprojectable visual information, each of which visual display areascontains information correlated with a said sound track, and whichvisual display areas are positioned in a predetermined sequencecorresponding to the predetermined sequence of sound tracks; and anaudio-visual presentation apparatus comprising a chassis; receivingmeans supported by the chassis for receiving the audio-visual recordmedium, audio reproducing means supported by the chassis and positionedfor engaging a said sound track of said received audio record forreproducing and thereby presenting the audio information therefrom;projection means supported by the chassis and positioned for projectingand thereby presenting an image of visual information from a said visualdisplay area of said received visual record onto a viewing screen; andpositioning means supported by the chassis for relatively positioningthe audio reproducing means and the audio record for enabling the audioreproducing means to engage the beginning of any of said sound tracksdistributed about the periphery of said received audio record, and forrelatively positioning the projection means and the visual record forenabling projection onto said viewing screen of an image of visualinformation from any of said visual display areas of said receivedvisual record; wherein the plurality of visual display areas arearranged in a spaced matrix containing m rows of n visual display areas;wherein said received visual record is supported by the chassis forbidirectional movement parallel to two predetermined perpendicular X andY axes corresponding to the matrix, with the X axis parallel to the mrows; and wherein the positioning means is capable of bidirectionallymoving said received visual record in incremental steps parallel toeither of said perpendicular X and Y axes, which incremental stepscorrespond to the spacing of the visual display areas.
 4. Anaudio-visual system for presenting correlated audio and visualinformation, comprising a thin audio-visual record medium comprising anaudio record including in a predetermined sequence a plurality of soundtracks containing recorded audio information, each sound track having abeginning at a given position near the periphery of the audio record,which sound track beginnings are placed about the periphery of the audiorecord at predetermined intervals, and a visual record including aplurality of spaced visual display areas containing projectable visualinformation, each of which visual display areas contains informationcorrelated with a said sound track, and which visual display areas arepositioned in a predetermined sequence corresponding to thepredetermined sequence of sound tracks; and an audio-visual presentationapparatus comprising a chassis; receiving means comprising a tablesupported by the chassis for receiving the audio record in a fixedposition on the table, and a platform supported by the chassis forreceiving the visual record in a fixed position on the platform; audioreproducing means supported by the chassis and positioned for engaging asaid sound track of said received audio record for reproducing andthereby presenting the audio information therefrom; projection meanssupported by the chassis and positioned for projecting and therebypresenting an image of visual information from a said visual displayarea of said received visual record onto a viewing screen; a firstpositioning means supported by the chassis for relatively positioningthe audio reproducing means and the table for enabling the audioreproducing means to engage the beginning of any of said sound tracksdistributed about the periphery of said received audio record; and asecond positioning means for relatively positioning the projection meansand the platform for enabling Projection onto said viewing screen of animage of visual information from any of said visual display areas ofsaid received visual record; wherein each of a plurality of saidcorrelated visual display area and sound track combinations includes agiven number of predetermined response choices related to saidcorrelated audio and visual information; wherein each of said pluralityof visual display areas includes a given number of projectablepredetermined programs, each program individually relating a saidpredetermined response choice to a predetermined correlated visualdisplay area and sound track combination; wherein the projection meansis capable of projecting said one or more predetermined programs fromsaid received visual record; and wherein the audio-visual presentationapparatus further comprises selection means for enabling an operator toselect one of said given number of predetermined response choices,sensing means responsive to the operation of the selection means forsensing the one of said projectable predetermined programs which isrelated to said selected response choice, and control means responsiveto the operation of the selection means for controlling the positioningmeans in accordance with said sensed predetermined program to presentsaid predetermined correlated visual display area and sound trackcombination related to said selected predetermined response choice. 5.An audio-visual system according to claim 4, wherein each of theprojectable predetermined programs of a given visual display areaincludes first indicia for indicating the number of sound tracks in thesequence of sound tracks and the number of visual display areas in thesequence of visual display areas that said predetermined correlatedvisual display area and sound track combination related to saidpredetermined response choice by said program is placed from the givenvisual display area and its correlated sound track; wherein the firstpositioning means comprises a table stepping means for stepping thetable in incremental steps, which steps correspond to the intervalsbetween the beginnings of the sound tracks of said audio record; andwherein the second positioning means comprises a platform stepping meansfor stepping the platform in incremental steps, which steps correspondto the spacing of the visual display areas of said visual record;whereby the first indicia indicate the number of steps which bothstepping means should step in accordance with said sensed predeterminedprogram.
 6. An audio-visual system according to claim 5, wherein thecontrol means includes means for causing said audio reproducing means torepeat the audio information presented from said engaged sound trackwhen said first indicia indicate that both stepping means should stepzero steps.
 7. An audio-visual system according to claim 5, wherein thecontrol means comprises counting means for counting the number of stepsstepped by both stepping means; and a registering and gating means forregistering a count in accordance with the first indicia of said sensedpredetermined program and for enabling both stepping means torepetitively incrementally step until the number of steps counted by thecounting means equals the registered count.
 8. An audio-visual systemaccording to claim 5, wherein each of the projectable predeterminedprograms further includes second indicia for indicating the direction inthe sequences of sound tracks and visual display areas that saidpredetermined correlated sound track-visual display area combinationrelated to said predetermined response choice by said program is placedfrom the given visual display area and its correlated sound track;wherein the table stepping means is capable of bidirectionally steppingthe table; and wherein the platform stepping means is capable ofbidirectionally moving the platform; whereby the second indicia indicatethe direction which thE stepping means should step in accordance withsaid sensed predetermined program.
 9. An audio-visual system accordingto claim 8, wherein the control means further comprises a directionsetting switching means for setting the stepping means in accordancewith the second indicia of said sensed predetermined program to step thetable and the platform in either a forward or a reverse directioncorresponding to forward and reverse directions in the sequence of soundtracks and visual display areas.
 10. An audio-visual system according toclaim 9, wherein the plurality of visual display areas are arranged in amatrix containing m rows of n visual display areas; wherein the sequenceof visual display areas corresponds to the sequence of sound tracks in amanner wherein a first visual display area at one end of a first row ofthe matrix correlates with a first sound track, and the successivevisual display areas following a path, beginning with said first visualdisplay area and continuing in a first direction along the first row tothe nth visual display area of the first row, thence to the adjacentvisual display area in a predetermined adjacent row, which adjacentvisual display area is the first visual display area of thepredetermined adjacent row, thence in a second direction opposite to thefirst direction along the second row, respectively correlate withsuccessive sound tracks distributed about the periphery in a determineddirection beginning with the first sound track; wherein the platform issupported by the chassis for bidirectional movement parallel to twopredetermined perpendicular X and Y axes corresponding to the matrix ofsaid received visual record, with the X axis parallel to the m rows;wherein the platform stepping means is capable of bidirectionallystepping the platform; and wherein the control means further comprisesan X axis drive means for bidirectionally driving the platform steppingmeans to step the platform parallel to the X axis in a directiondependent upon the direction of current flow through said X axis drivemeans, a Y axis drive means for bidirectionally driving the platformstepping means to step the platform parallel to the Y axis in adirection dependent upon the direction of current flow through said Yaxis drive means, a first switching means for switching the direction ofcurrent flow through the X axis drive means to be in a first directionwhen the platform is in a position for enabling projection from an oddrow and for switching the direction of current flow through the X axisdrive means to be in a second direction opposite to the first directionwhen the platform is in a position for enabling projection from an evenrow, and a second switching means for switching current flow through theX axis drive means when the platform is in a position for enablingprojection from an nth position in a row while the platform steppingmeans is set by the direction setting switching means for stepping theplatform in a reverse direction or when the platform is in a positionfor enabling projection from a first position in a row while theplatform stepping means is set by the direction setting switching meansfor stepping the platform in a forward direction, and for switchingcurrent flow through the Y axis drive means when the platform is in aposition for enabling projection from an nth position in a row while theplatform stepping means is set by the direction setting switching meansfor stepping the platform in a forward direction or when the platform isin a position for enabling projection from a first position in a rowwhile the platform stepping means is set by the direction settingswitching means for stepping the platform in a reverse direction.
 11. Anaudio-visual system according to claim 10, wherein the control meansfurther comprises a third switching means for switching current flow tothe X and Y axes Drive means through the second switching means when theplatform is in a position for enabling projection from either end of arow and for switching current flow by-passing the second switching meansand through the X axis drive means when the platform is not in aposition for enabling projection from either end of a row.
 12. Anaudio-visual system according to claim 11, wherein the control meansfurther comprises a fourth switching means for momentarily enablingcurrent flow through the X and Y axes drive means a number of timescorresponding to the number of steps that the stepping means should stepin accordance with the first indicia of said sensed predeterminedprogram.
 13. An audio-visual system according to claim 12, wherein eachof the X and Y axes drive means, when actuated, moves from a restposition and causes the platform stepping means to step the platform onestep during a cycle of operation which is completed upon the actuateddrive means returning to the rest position; and wherein the controlmeans further comprises a fifth switching means actuated by the X axisdrive means, when the X axis drive means is not in the rest position,for switching current flow through the X axis drive means to maintainthe cycle of operation of the X axis drive means until the completion ofsaid cycle, and a sixth switching means actuated by the Y axis drivemeans, when the Y axis drive means is not in the rest position, forswitching current flow through the Y axis drive means to maintain thecycle of operation of the Y axis drive means until the completion ofsaid cycle.
 14. An audio-visual system for presenting correlated audioand visual information, comprising a thin audio-visual record mediumcomprising an audio record including in a predetermined sequence aplurality of sound tracks containing recorded audio information, eachsound track having a beginning at a given position near the periphery ofthe audio record, which sound track beginnings are placed about theperiphery of the audio record at predetermined intervals, and a visualrecord including a plurality of spaced visual display areas containingprojectable visual information, each of which visual display areascontains information correlated with a said sound track, and whichvisual display areas are positioned in a predetermined sequencecorresponding to the predetermined sequence of sound tracks; and anaudio-visual presentation apparatus comprising a chassis, receivingmeans comprising a table supported by the chassis for receiving theaudio record in a fixed position on the table, and a platform supportedby the chassis for receiving the visual record in a fixed position onthe platform; audio reproducing means supported by the chassis andpositioned for engaging a said sound track of said received audio recordfor reproducing and thereby presenting the audio information therefrom;projection means supported by the chassis and positioned for projectingand thereby presenting an image of visual information from a said visualdisplay area of said received visual record onto a viewing screen; afirst positioning means supported by the chassis for relativelypositioning the audio reproducing means and the table for enabling theaudio reproducing means to engage the beginning of any of said soundtracks distributed about the periphery of said received audio record;and a second positioning means for relatively positioning the projectionmeans and the platform for enabling projection onto said viewing screenof an image of visual information from any of said visual display areasof said received visual record; wherein the audio record is rotatablerelative to the visual record; wherein the receiving means furthercomprises a carriage movably supported by the chassis; wherein the tablecomprises a turntable rotatably supported on the carriage; wherein theplatform is fixedly supported on The carriage; wherein the firstpositioning means comprises a turntable stepping means supported by thecarriage for rotating the turntable in incremental steps, which stepscorrespond to the intervals between the beginnings of the sound tracksof said audio record; wherein the second positioning means comprises acarriage stepping means supported by the chassis for stepping thecarriage in incremental steps, which steps correspond to the spacing ofthe visual display areas of said visual record; and wherein theaudio-visual presentation apparatus still further comprises a turntabledrive means supported by the carriage for engaging the turntable forrotatably driving the turntable at a uniform rate for enabling audioinformation to be reproduced from a said received audio record engagedby the audio reproducing means.
 15. An audio-visual system according toclaim 14, wherein the audio-visual presentation apparatus furthercomprises a turntable braking means supported by the carriage andresponsive to the completion of said reproduction of audio informationfrom a said sound track by the audio reproducing means for engaging theturntable to thereby brake a said uniformly rotating turntable to a stopat the position from whence said turntable commenced to rotate.
 16. Anaudio-visual system according to claim 14, wherein the audio-visualpresentation apparatus further comprises a starting position markerrotatably positioned on the turntable; a detecting means located on thecarriage in a fixed home position in relation to the audio reproducingmeans and enabled in response to the completion of said reproduction ofaudio information from a said sound track by the audio reproducing meansfor detecting when the starting position marker on the turntable is atthe home position; and a turntable braking means supported by thecarriage for engaging the turntable to thereby brake the turntable to astop, which turntable braking means engages the turntable to brake theturntable to a stop when the detecting means detects that the startingposition marker is at the home position.
 17. An audio-visual systemaccording to claim 16, wherein the audio-visual presentation apparatusfurther comprises a starting position marker holder movably supported onthe carriage for movement into position to hold the starting positionmarker at the home position while the turntable is being stepped by theturntable stepping means.
 18. An audio-visual system for presentingcorrelated audio and visual information, comprising a thin audio-visualrecord medium comprising an audio record including in a predeterminedsequence a plurality of sound tracks containing recorded audioinformation, each sound track having a beginning at a given positionnear the periphery of the audio record, which sound track beginnings areplaced about the periphery of the audio record at predeterminedintervals, and a visual record including a plurality of spaced visualdisplay areas containing projectable visual information, each of whichvisual display areas contains information correlated with a said soundtrack, and which visual display areas are positioned in a predeterminedsequence corresponding to the predetermined sequence of sound tracks;and an audio-visual presentation apparatus comprising a chassis;receiving means supported by the chassis for receiving the audio-visualrecord medium, audio reproducing means supported by the chassis andpositioned for engaging a said sound track of said received audio recordfor reproducing and thereby presenting the audio information therefrom;projection means supported by the chassis and positioned for projectingand thereby presenting an image of visual information from a said visualdisplay area of said received visual record onto a viewing screen; andpositioning means supported by the chassis for relatively positioningthe audio reproducing means and the audio record for enabling the audioreproducing means to engage the beginning of any of said sound tracksdistributed about the periphery of said received audio record, and forrelatively positioning the projection means and the visual record forenabling projection onto said viewing screen of an image of visualinformation from any of said visual display areas of said receivedvisual record; wherein each of said visual display areas includes adiscrete section containing one or more projectable predeterminedresponse choices related to the visual information contained in saidvisual display area; wherein the projection means is capable ofprojecting said one or more predetermined response choices from saidreceived visual record onto the viewing screen; and wherein theaudio-visual presentation apparatus further comprises a shuttersupported by the chassis between the viewing screen and the projectionmeans in either a blocking position for blocking the projection of animage of said response choices onto the screen or in an enablingposition for enabling the projection of an image of said responsechoices onto the screen, which shutter is moved into the enablingposition upon the completion of said reproduction of audio informationfrom a said sound track by the audio reproducing means.
 19. Anaudio-visual system for presenting correlated audio and visualinformation, comprising a thin audio-visual record medium comprising anaudio record including in a predetermined sequence a plurality of soundtracks containing recorded audio information, each sound track having abeginning at a given position near the periphery of the audio record,which sound track beginnings are placed about the periphery of the audiorecord at predetermined intervals, and a visual record including aplurality of spaced visual display areas containing projectable visualinformation, each of which visual display areas contains informationcorrelated with a said sound track, and which visual display areas arepositioned in a predetermined sequence corresponding to thepredetermined sequence of sound tracks; and an audio-visual presentationapparatus comprising a chassis; receiving means supported by the chassisfor receiving the audio-visual record medium, audio reproducing meanssupported by the chassis and positioned for engaging a said sound trackof said received audio record for reproducing and thereby presenting theaudio information therefrom; projection means supported by the chassisand positioned for projecting and thereby presenting an image of visualinformation from a said visual display area of said received visualrecord onto a viewing screen; and positioning means supported by thechassis for relatively positioning the audio reproducing means and theaudio record for enabling the audio reproducing means to engage thebeginning of any of said sound tracks distributed about the periphery ofsaid received audio record, and for relatively positioning theprojection means and the visual record for enabling projection onto saidviewing screen of an image of visual information from any of said visualdisplay areas of said received visual record; wherein each of aplurality of groups of adjacent sound tracks comprises sound trackscontaining related information, with one sound track in each group beingthe sequentially first sound track for that group; wherein the audiorecord further comprises notches about the periphery of the audio recordat positions corresponding to the beginnings of said sequentially firstsound tracks; and wherein the control means further comprises a notchdetector switching means positioned for detecting notches in theperiphery of said received audio record, and an access switching meansenabled by the notch detector switching means for effecting relativemotion between the audio record and the audio reproducing means andbetween the visual record and the projection means until a notch isdetecTed, to thereby move a said sequentially first sound track andcorrelated visual display area into position for enabling presentationof audio and visual information therefrom.
 20. For use in anaudio-visual system for presenting corresponding audio and visualinformation, a thin audio-visual record medium comprising an audiorecord including in a predetermined sequence a plurality of sound trackscontaining recorded audio information, each sound track having abeginning at a given position near the periphery of the audio record,which sound track beginnings are placed about the periphery of the audiorecord at predetermined intervals; and a visual record including aplurality of spaced visual display areas containing projectable visualinformation, each of which visual display areas contains informationcorrelated to a said sound track, and which visual display areas arepositioned in a predetermined sequence corresponding to thepredetermined sequence of sound tracks; wherein each of a plurality ofsaid correlated visual display area and sound track combinationsincludes a given number of predetermined response choices related tosaid correlated audio and visual information; and wherein each of saidplurality of visual display areas includes a given number of projectablepredetermined programs, each program individually relating a saidpredetermined response choice to a predetermined correlated visualdisplay area and sound track combination.
 21. An audio-visual recordmedium according to claim 20, wherein each of the projectablepredetermined programs of a given visual display area includes firstindicia for indicating the number of sound tracks in the sequence ofsound tracks and the number of visual display areas in the sequence ofvisual display areas that said predetermined correlated visual displayarea and sound track combination related to said predetermined responsechoice by said program is placed from the given visual display area andits correlated sound track.
 22. An audio-visual record medium accordingto claim 21, wherein each of the projectable predetermined programs ofsaid given visual display area further includes second indicia forindicating the direction in the sequences of sound tracks and visualdisplay areas that said predetermined correlated sound track-visualdisplay area combination related to said predetermined response choiceby said program is placed from the given visual display area and itscorrelated sound track.
 23. For use in an audio-visual system forpresenting corresponding audio and visual information, a thinaudio-visual record medium comprising an audio record including in apredetermined sequence a plurality of sound tracks containing recordedaudio information, each sound track having a beginning at a givenposition near the periphery of the audio record, which sound trackbeginnings are placed about the periphery of the audio record atpredetermined intervals; and a visual record including a plurality ofspaced visual display areas containing projectable visual information,each of which visual display areas contains information correlated to asaid sound track, and which visual display areas are positioned in apredetermined sequence corresponding to the predetermined sequence ofsound tracks; wherein the plurality of visual display areas are arrangedin a matrix containing m rows of n visual display areas; and wherein thesequence of visual display areas corresponds to the sequence of soundtracks in a manner wherein a first visual display area at one end of afirst row of the matrix correlates with a first sound track, and thesuccessive visual display areas following a path, beginning with saidfirst visual display area and continuing in a first direction along thefirst row to the nth visual display area of the first row, thence toadjacent visual display area in a predetermined adjacent row, whichadjacent visual display area is the first visuaL display area of thepredetermined adjacent row, thence in a second direction opposite to thefirst direction along the second row, respectively correlate withsuccessive sound tracks distributed about the periphery in apredetermined direction beginning with the first sound track.
 24. Foruse in an audio-visual system for presenting corresponding audio andvisual information, a thin audio-visual record medium comprising anaudio record including in a predetermined sequence a plurality of soundtracks containing recorded audio information, each sound track having abeginning at a given position near the periphery of the audio record,which sound track beginnings are placed about the periphery of the audiorecord at predetermined intervals; and a visual record including aplurality of spaced visual display areas containing projectable visualinformation, each of which visual display areas contains informationcorrelated to a said sound track, and which visual display areas arepositioned in a predetermined sequence corresponding to thepredetermined sequence of sound tracks; wherein each of a plurality ofgroups of adjacent sound tracks comprises sound tracks containingrelated information, with one sound track in each group being thesequentially first sound track for that group; and wherein the audiorecord further comprises notches about the periphery of the audio recordat positions corresponding to the beginnings of said sequentially firstsound tracks.
 25. For use in an audio-visual system for presentingcorresponding audio and visual information, a thin audio-visual recordmedium comprising an audio record including in a predetermined sequencea plurality of sound tracks containing recorded audio information, eachsound track having a beginning at a given position near the periphery ofthe audio record, which sound track beginnings are placed about theperiphery of the audio record at predetermined intervals; and a visualrecord including a plurality of spaced visual display areas containingprojectable visual information, each of which visual display areascontains information correlated to a said sound track, and which visualdisplay areas are positioned in a predetermined sequence correspondingto the predetermined sequence of sound tracks; wherein each sound trackbeginning has two legs, with each leg positioned close to a leg of anadjacent sound track beginning.